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phytoplankton

Aizaki M, Takamura N (1991) Regeneration of nutrient and detritus formation from aerobic decomposition of natural phytoplankton. Jpn J Limnol 52:83-94

Baird, D. and R. E. Ulanowicz. 1989. The Seasonal Dynamics of the Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem. Ecol. Monogr. 59: 329-364.

Baird, D. and R. E. Ulanowicz. 1993. Comparative study on the trophic structure, cycling and ecosystem properties of four tidal estuaries. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 99: 221-237.

Biddanda BA (1988) Microbial aggregation and degradation of phytoplankton-derived detritus in seawater. II. Microbial metabolism. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 42: 89-95

Bienfag, P. and D. Zieman. 1992. The role of Coastal High Latitude Ecosystems in Global Export Production , p. 285-298. In P. Falkowski and A. Woodhead [eds], Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. Plenum Press.

Bishop JKB, Edmond JM, Ketten DR, Bacon MP and Silker WB. 1977. The chemistry, biology and vertical flux of particulate matter from the upper 400 m of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. 24: 511-548.

Cloern, J., Cole, B. & Wienke, S. Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 4. Vertical fluxes of particulate matter: seasonality and variations across thermocline. Limnol. Oceanogr. 32, 815-824 (1987).

Coveney, M. F., Cronberg, G., Enell, M., Larsoon, H. & Olofsson, L. Phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria-standing crop and production relationships in a eutrophic lake. Oikos 29, 5-21 (1977).

Cushing, D. H. Grazing in Lake Erken. Limnol. Oceanogr. 21, 349-356 (1976)

Durbin EG, Krawiec R and Smayda TJ. 1975. Seasonal studies on the relative importance of different size fractions of phytoplankton in Narrangasset Bay (USA). Mar Biol 32: 271-287

Frost, B. W. The role of grazing in nutrient-rich areas of the open sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1616-1630 (1991)

Garber JH. 1984. Laboratory study of nitrogen and phosphorus remineralization during the decomposition of coastal plankton and seston. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci 18: 685-702

Garnier, J. & Mourelatos, S. Contribution of grazing in phytoplankton overall losses ina shallow French lake. Fresh. Biol. 25, 515-523 (1991).

Gliwicz, Z. M. & Hillbricht-Ilkowska. Efficency of the utilization of nannoplankton primary production by communities of filter feedng animals measured in situ. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 18, 197-203 (1972)

Golterman HL (1972) The role of phytoplankton in detritus formation. Mem Ist Ital Idrobiol 29: 89-103

Gulati, R. D. A study on the role of herbivorous zooplankton community as primary consumers of phytoplankton in Dutch lakes. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 19, 1202-1210 (1975)

Holligan, P.M., P. J. leB. Williams, D. Purdie and R. Harris. 1984. Photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen supply of plankton populations in stratified, frontal and tidally mixed shelf waters. Mar. Ecol Progr. Ser. 17:201-213.

Holligan P., E. Fernández, J. Aiken, W. Balch, P. Boyd, P. Burkill, M. Finch, S. Groom, G. Malin, K. Muller, D. Purdie, C. Robinson, C. Trees, S. Turner and P. van der Wal. 1993. A Biogeochemical Study of the Coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, in the north Atlantic. Global Biogeochemi. Cycles 7: 879-900.

Iriarte, A., G. Daneri, V. Garcia, D. Purdie and D. Crawford. 1991 Plankton community respiration and its relationship to Cha concentration in marine coastal waters. Oceanologia Acta 14:379-387.

Jensen, L. M. & Schwaerter, S. Major pathways involved in the utilization of primary production in a temperate eutrophic lake. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 23, 445-450 (1988)

Jensen, L. M., K. Sand-Jensen, S. Marcher and M. Hansen. 1990. Plankton community respiration along a nutrient gradient in a shallow Danish Estuary. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 61:75-85

Jespersen, A. M., Christoffersen, K. & Riemann, B. Annual carbon fluxes between phyto-, zoo-, and bacterio-plankton in eutrophic, Lake Frederiksborg Slotssø, Denmark. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 23, 440-444 (1988)

Jewson, D. H., Rippey, B. H. & Gilmore, W. H. Loss rates from sedimentation, parasitism, and grazing during the growth, nutrient limitation, and dormancy of a diatom crop. Limnol. Oceanogr. 26, 1045-1056 (1981).

Johnson, K. M., C. M. Burney and J. Sieburth. 1981. Enigmatic marine ecosystem metabolism measured by direct diel ·CO2 and O2 flux in conjunction with DOC release and uptake. Mar. Biol. 65:49-60

Joiris, C., G. Billen, C. Lancelot , M. Daro, J. Mommaerts, A. Bertels, M. Bossicart and J. Nijs. 1982. A budget of Carbon Cycling in the Belgian Coastal Zone:Relative roles of zooplankton, bacterioplankton and benthos in the utilization of Primary Production. Neth. J. Sea Res. 16:260-275.

Kemp, W. M. and W. R. Boynton. 1980. Influence of biological and physical processes on dissolved oxygen dynamics in an Estuarine System:implication for measurement of community metabolism. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci. 2:407-431.

Kenney, B., W. Litaker, C. Duke and J. Ramus. 1988. Community oxygen metabolism in a shallow tidal estuary. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 27:33-34.

King, F., A. Devol and T. Packard. 1978. Plankton metabolic activity in the eastern tropical North Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. 25: 689-704.

Knauer GA, Martin JH and Bruland KW. 1979. Fluxes of particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the upper water column of the northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. 26:97-108.

Kruse, B. 1993. Measurement of plankton O2 respiration in gas-tight plastic jars. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 94:155-163.

Kuparinen, J. 1986. Production and respiration for overall plankton and ultraplankton communities at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. Mar. Biol. 63:591-607.

Lampert, W. Climatic conditionss and planktonic interactions as factors controlling the regular succession of spring algal bloom and extremely clear water in Lake Constance. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 20, 969-974 (1978).

Laws, E., Bienfang, P., Ziemann, D. &Conquest, L. Phytoplankton population dynamics and the fate of production during the spring bloom in Auke Bay, Alaska. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33, 57-65 (1988).

Lignell, R., Heiskanen, A. S., Kuosa, H., Gundersen, K., Kuuppo-Leinikki, P., Pajuniemi, R. & Uitto, A. Fate of phytoplankton spring bloom: sedimentation and carbon flow in the planktonic food web in the northern Baltic. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 94, 239-252 (1993).

Lindeboom, H. and A. Sandee. 1989. Production and consumption of tropical seagrass fields in eastern Indonesia measured with bell jars and microelectrods. Neth. J. Sea Res. 23:181-190.

Mann, K.H. 1988. Production and use and detritus in various freshwater, estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33: 910-931.

McLusky, DS. The estuarine ecosystem (Wiley, New York, 1981).

Mee, L. D. 1977. The Chemistry and Hydrography of SomeTropical Coastal Lagoons-Pacific Coast of Mexico. Ph. D. Tesis. University of Liverpool. Dept. of Oceanography, England.

Menzel, D. and J. Ryther. 1960 The annual cycle of primary production in the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda. Deep Sea Res. 6:351-357.

Müller, P. J. & Suess, E. Productivity, sedimentation rate, and sedimentary organic matter in oceans- I. Organic carbon preservation. Deep Sea Research 26, 1347-1362 (1979).

Murray, L. and R.L. Wetzel. 1987. Oxygen production and consumption associated with the major autotrophic components in two temperate seagrass communities. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 38: 231-239.

Nakanishi, M., Tezuka, Y., Narita, T., Mitamura, O., Kawabata, K. & Nakano, S. Phytoplankton primary production and its fate in a pelagic area of Lake Biwa. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. 35, 47-67 (1992).

Nedwell, D. B., Walker, T. R., Ellis-Evans, J. C. & Clarke, A. Measurements of Seasonal Rates and Annual Budgets of Organic Carbon fluxes in an Antarctic Coastal Environment at Signy Island. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 3989-3995 (1993)

Newell RC, Lucas MI, Linley EAS (1981) Rate of degradation and efficiency of conversion of phytoplankton debris by marine micro-organisms. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 6: 123-136

Nixon, S. and M. E. Pilson. 1984. Estuarine total system metabolism and organic exchange calculated from nutrient ratios: an example from Narragansset Bay, p. 261-291. In V. S Kennedy [ed.],The Estuary as a filter. Academic Press.

Odum, H. T. and R. F. Wilson 1962. Further studies on reareation and metabolism of Texas bays, 1958-1960. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci. Univ. Tex., 8:20-55.

Packard, T. T. 1979. Respiration and respiratory electron transport activity in plankton for the Northwest African upwelling area. J. Mar. Res. 37: 712-739.

Packard, T. T. and P. J. le B Williams. 1981. Rates of respiratory oxygen consumption and electron transport in surface seawater from the northwest Atlantic. Oceanologia acta 4:351-358.

Perry MJ. 1976. Phosphate utilization by an oceanic diatom in phosphorus-limited chemostat cuture and in the oligotrophic waters of the Central North Pacific. Limnol. Oceanog. 21: 88-107

Pomeroy, L. R. and J. Johannes. 1968. Ocurrence and respiration of ultraplankton in the upper 500 m of the ocean. Deep Sea Res. 15: 381-391.

Poumba, K. 1994. Simulated degradation of phytodetritus in deep-sea sediments of the NE Atlantic (47ºN, 19ºW). Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 105:291-299.

Prego, R. General aspects of carbon biogeochemistry in the ria of Vigo, northwestern Spain. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 57, 2041-2052 (1993).

Randall, J. and J. W. Day. 1987. Effects of River Dicharge and vertical circulation in aquatic primary production in a turbid Lousiana (USA) Estuary. Neth. J. Sea Res. 21: 231-242.

Schlesinger, W. H. Biogeochemistry: an analysis of global change (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1991)

Skjoldal, H. R. & Lännergren, C. The Spring Phytoplankton Bloom inLindåspollene, a Land-locked Norwegian Fjord. II. Biomass and Activity of Net- and Nanoplankton. Mar. Biol. 47, 313-323 (1978).

Smith, W. O. Jr. 1977. The respiration of photosynthetic carbon in eutrophic areas of the ocean. J. Mar. Res. 35:557-565.

Smith, K. L. Jr. 1992. Benthic Boundary Layer Communities and carbon cycling at abyssal depths in the Central North Pacific. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37:1034-1057.

Smith, S. V. and J. T. Hollibaugh. 1993. Coastal metabolism and the oceanic organic carbon balance. Rev. Geoph. 31: 75-89.

Smith, R. E., W. Harrison, B. Irwin and T. Platt. 1986. Metabolism and carbon exchange in microplankton of the Grand Banks (Newfouland). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 34:171-183.

Sorokin, Y. 1983. The Black Sea, p. 253-292. In B. Ketchum [ed.], Estuaries and Enclosed Seas. Ecosystems of the World nº 26 Elvesier.

Suess, E. 1980. Particulate organic carbon flux in the oceans: surface productivity and oxygen utilization. Nature 288: 260-263.

Tijseen, S. B. 1979. Diurnal oxygen rhythm and primary production in the mixed layer of the Atlantic Ocean at 20ºN. Neth. J. Sea Res. 13: 79-84.

Tijssen, S. and A. Eijgenraam. 1982 Primary and Community production in the Southern Bight of the North Sea deduced from oxygen concentration variations in the srping of 1980. Neth. J. Sea Res. 16: 247-259.

Tilzer, M. M. Estimation of phytoplanton loss rates from daily photosynthetic rates and observed biomass changes in Lake Constance. J. Plank. Res. 6, 309-324 (1984).

Vadstein, O., Harkjerr, B., Jensen A., Olsen, Y. & Reinertsen, H. Cycling of organic carbon in the photic zone of a eutrophic lake with special reference to the heterotrophic bacteria. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34, 840-855 (1989).

Velimirov B. and M. Walenta-Simon. 1992. Seasonal changes in specific growth rates, production and biomass of bacterial community in the water colum above a Mediterranean seagrass system. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 80: 1237-248.

Walsh I, Dymond J, Collier R (1988) Rates of recycling of biogenic components of settling particles in the ocean derived from sediment trap experiments. Deep-Sea Res 35:43-58

Weisse, T., Müller H., Pinto-Coelho, M., Schweizer, A., Springmann, D. & Baldringer G. Response of the microbial loop to the phytoplankton spring bloom in a large prealpine lake. 35, 781-794 (1990).

Welschmeyer, N.A., Lorenzen C, J. Chlorophyll budgets: zooplankton grazing and phytoplankton growth in a temperate fjord and the Central Pacific Gyres. Limnol. Oceanogr. 30, 1-21 (1985)

Ziemann, D. A., P. K. Bienfag, K.W. Fulton-Bennett, W. Kottenmeier and L.D. Conquest. 1993. Carbon budget for the spring bloom in Auke Bay, Alaska. Mar. Biol. 115: 509-521.

[top]benthic microalgae

Admiraal, W., Bouwman, L. A., Hoekstra, L. & Romeyn, K. Qualitative and Quantitative Interactions between Microphytobenthos and Herbivorous Meiofauna on a Brackish Intertidal Mudflat. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. 68, 175-191 (1983)

Andersen, F. and E. Kristensen. 1988. The influence of macrofauna on estuarine benthic community metabolism: a microcosm study. Mar. Biol. 99:591-603.

Baillie, P. and B. Welsh. 1980. The effect of Tidal resuspension on the Distribution of Intertidal Epipelic Algae in an Estuary. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci. 10:165-180.

Baird, D. and R. E. Ulanowicz. 1989. The Seasonal Dynamics of the Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem. Ecol. Monogr. 59: 329-364.

Baird, D. and R. E. Ulanowicz. 1993. Comparative study on the trophic structure, cycling and ecosystem properties of four tidal estuaries. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 99: 221-237.

Burns, K., M. Ehrhardt, B. Hows and G. Taylor. 1993. Subtidal Benthic Community Respiration and production near the heavily oiled Gulf Coast of Saudi Arabia. Mar. Pollut. Bul. 27: 199-205.

Carpenter, R. C. Partitioning herbivory and its effects on coral reef algal communities. Ecol. Monogr. 56, 345-363 (1986).

Cattaneo, A. Grazing on epiphytes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 28, 124-132 (1983).

Darley, W. M., Montague, C. L., Plumley, F. G., Sage, W. W. & Psalidas, A. T. Factors limiting edaphic algal biomass and productivity in a Georgia salt marsh. J. Phycol. 17, 122-128 (1981).

de Jonge, V. and F. Colijn. 1994. Dynamics of microphytobenthos biomass in the Ems Estuary. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 104:185-196.

Flint, R. W. & Goldman, C. R. The effects of a benthic grazer on the primary productivity of the littoral zone of Lake Tahoe. Limnol. Oceanogr. 20, 935-945 (1975).

Gould, D. and E. Gallagher. 1990. Field measurement of specific growth rate, biomass and primary production of benthic diatoms of Savin Hill Cove, Boston. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35:1757-1770.

Hansen, J. A., D. Klumpp, D. Alongi, P. Dayton and M. Riddle. 1992. Detrital pathways in a coral reef lagoon. II. Detritus deposition, benthic microbial biomass and production. Mar. Biol. 113: 363-372.

Hunter, R. D. Effects of grazing on the quantity and quality of freshwater aufwuchs. Hydrobiologia 69, 251-259 (1980).

Jacoby, J. M. Alterations in periphyton characteristics due to grazing in a Cascade foothill stream. Fresh. Biol. 18, 495-508 (1987).

Klumpp, D. W., Salita-Espinosa, J. S. & Fortes, M. D. The role of epiphytes and marcoinvertabrate grazers in the trophic flux of a tropical seagrass community. Aquat. Bot. 43, 327-349 (1992)

Kristensen, E. 1993. Seasonal variations in Benthic Community Metabolism and nutrient dynamics in a Shallow, Organic-poor danish lagoon. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 36:565-586.

Lindeboom, H. and A. Sandee. 1989. Production and consumption of tropical seagrass fields in eastern Indonesia measured with bell jars and microelectrods. Neth. J. Sea Res. 23:181-190.

Mason, C. F. & Bryant, R. J. Periphyton production and grazing by chironomids in Alderfen Broad, Norfolk. Freshwat. Biol. 5, 271-277 (1975).

McLachlan, A., Lombard, H. W. & Louwrens, S. Trophic structure and biomass distribution on two East Cape rocky shores. S Afr. J. Zool. 16, 85-89 (1981).

McLachlan, A. &Bate, G. Carbon budget for a high energy surf zone. Vie milieu 34, 67-77 (1984).

Merino, M., A. González, E. Reyes, M. Gallegos and S. Czitrom. 1992. Eutrophication in the lagoons of Cancún, México. Science of the Total Environment, Supplement (1992): 861-870.

Montagna, P. A. In situ measurement of meiobenthic grazing rates on sediment bacteria and edaphic diatoms. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 18, 119-130 (1984).

Murray, L. and R.L. Wetzel. 1987. Oxygen production and consumption associated with the major autotrophic components in two temperate seagrass communities. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 38: 231-239.

Naiman, R. J. Primary production, standing stock and export of organic matter in a Mohave Desert thermal stream. Limnol. Oceanogr. 21, 60-73 (1976).

Nicotri, M. E. Grazing effects of four marine intertidal herbivores on the microflora. Ecology 58, 1020-1032 (1977)

Østergaad, F. and E. Kristensen. 1992. The importance of benthic macrofauna in decomposition of microalgae in a coastal marine sediment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37:1392-1403.

Otsuki A and Hanya T. 1972. Production of dissolved organic matter from dead green algal cells. I Aerobic microbial decompostion. Limnol. Ocanogr 17: 248-257

Panatmat, M. 1988. Ecology and metabolism of a benthic community on an intertidal sandflat. Int. Revue. ges. Hydrobiol. 53: 211-298.

Rizzo, W. and R. Wetzel. 1985. Intertidal and shoal benthic community metabolism in a temperate estuary: studies of spatial and temporal scales of variability. Estuaries 8: 342-351.

Shin CN, Rhee GY and Chen J. 1987. Phosphate requirement, photosynthesis and diel cell cycle of Scenedesmus obliquus under fluctuating light. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 44: 1753-1758

Stanley, D. W. A carbon flow model of epipelic algal productivity in Alaskan Tundra Ponds. Ecology 57, 1034-1042 (1976).

Twilley RR, Ejdung G, Romare P, Kemp M (1986) A comparative study of decomposition, oxygen consumption and nutrient release for selected aquatic plants occurring in an estuarine environment. Oikos 47: 190-198

Vidal, M. 1991. Estudios sobre la dinámica de nutrientes en sistemas estuaricos:flujos sedimento-agua de nutrientes y oxígeno. Ph. D. Tesis. Universidad de Barcelona, Spain.

[top]macroalgae

Albright LJ, Chocair J, Masuda K, Valdes M (1980) In situ degradation of the kelps Macrocystis integrifolia and Nereocystis luetkeana in British Columbia coastal waters. Nat Can 107: 3-10

Anderson, M.R., Cardinal A. and Larochelle J. (1981). An alternate growth pattern for Laminaria longicruris. J. Phycol. 17: 405-411.

Birch PB, Gabrielson JO, Hamel KS (1983) Decomposition of Cladophora. I Field studies in the Peel-Harvey estuarine system, Westen Australia. Bot Mar 26: 165-171

Brouwer PEM. 1996. Decomposition in situ of the sublittoral Antartic macroalgae Desmarestia anceps Montagne. Polar Biol. 16: 129-137

Chapman ARO, Craigie JS. 1978. Seasonal growth in Laminaria longicruris: relations with reserve carbohydrate storage and production. Mar. Biol. 46: 209-213

Dawes, C., E. McCoy and K. Heck. 1991. The tropical western atlantic including the Caribbean Sea, p. 215-234. In: D. W. Goodall [ed.], Intertidal and Littoral Ecosystems. Ecosystems of the World nº 24. Elvesier.

Dunton KH and Schell DM. 1986. Seasonal carbon budget and growth of Laminaria solidungula in the Alaskan High Artic. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 31: 57-66

Egan B, Yarish C (1990) Productivity and life history of Laminaria longicruris at its southern limit in the western Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 67: 263-273

Gabrielson JO, Birch PB, Hamel KS. (1983). Decompostion of Cladophora. II. In vitro studies of nitrogen and phosphorus regeneration. Bot Mar 26: 173-179

Gerard, V. 1976. Some aspects of material dynamics and energy flow in a kelp forest in Monterey Bay, California. Ph. D. Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz.

Hanisak, MD (1979). Nitrogen limitation of Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides as determined by tissue analysis. Mar. Biol. 50: 333-337

Hansen, J. A., D. Klumpp, D. Alongi, P. Dayton and M. Riddle. 1992. Detrital pathways in a coral reef lagoon. II. Detritus deposition, benthic microbial biomass and production. Mar. Biol. 113: 363-372.

Hauxwell J, McClelland J, Behr PJ, Valiela I. 1998. Relative importance of grazing and nutrient controls of macroalgal biomass in three temperate shallow estuaries. Estuaries 21: 347-360

Josselyn, M. N., G. Cailliet, T. Niesen, R.Cowen, A. Hurley, J. Conner and S. Hawes. 1983. Composition, Export and Faunal Utilization of Drift Vegetation in the Salt River Submarine Canyon. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 17: 447-465.

Khailov, K. M. & Burlakova, Z. P. Release of dissolved organic matter by marine seaweeds and distribution of their total organic production to inshore communities. Limnol. Oceanogr. 14, 521-527 (1969).

Kilar, J. and J. Norris. 1988. Composition, export and import of drift vegetation on a tropical, plant dominated, fringing-reef platform (Caribbean Panama). Coral Reefs 7: 93-103.

Koop, K., R. Newell and M. Lucas. 1982. Biodegradation and carbon flow based on kelp (Ecklonia maxima) debris in a Sandy Beach Microcosm. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 7:315-326.

Kristensen, E., F. Andersen and T. Blackburn. 1992. Effects of benthic macrofaune and temperate on degradation of macroalgal detritus: the fate of organic carbon. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37: 1404-1419.

Lapointe BE, Niell F and Fuentes JM. 1981. Community structure, succession and production of seaweeds associated with mussel-rafts in the Ria de Arosa, NW Spain. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 5: 243-253

Mann, K. H. 1972. Ecological energetics of the sea-weed zone in a marine bay on the Atlantic coast of Canada. II. Productivity of seaweeds. Mar. Biol. 14: 199-209.

Mann, K.H. 1985. Ecology of Coastal Waters. Studies in Ecology Volume 8. 2nd ed. Blacwell.

Marsden, I. 1991. Kelp-sandhopper interactions on a sand-beach in New Zealand. I. Drift composition and distribution. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 152: 49-62.

Newell, R., J. Field and C.Griffiths. 1982. Energy Balance and significance of microorganisms in a kelp bed community. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 8:103-113.

Ormond, R. and S. Banaimoon. 1994. Ecology of intertidal macroalgal assemblages on the Hadramonut coast of southern Yemen, an area of seasonal upwelling. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 105: 105-120.

Polunin, N. and D. Klumpp. 1992. Algal food suply and grazer demand in a very productive coral-reef zone. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 164:1-16.

Twilley RR, Ejdung G, Romare P, Kemp M (1986) A comparative study of decomposition, oxygen consumption and nutrient release for selected aquatic plants occurring in an estuarine environment. Oikos 47: 190-198

Wallentinus I. 1981. Chemical constituents of some baltic macroalgae in relation to environmental factors. Proc. Int. Seaweed Symp. 10: 363-370

Wanders, J. B. W. The role of benthic algae in the shallow reef of Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles) III: The significance of grazing. Aquat. Bot. 3, 357-390 (1977).

[top]freshwater macrophyte meadows

Anderson, M. G. Use of sago pondweed by waterfowl on the Delta Marsh, Manitoba. J. Wildl. Manage. 40, 233-242 (1976)

Barko, J. W., Murphy, P. G. & Wetzel, R. G. An investigation of primary production and ecosystem metabolism in a Lake Michigan dune pond. Arch. Hydrobiol. 81, 155-187 (1977).

Bernard, J M, Solsky, BA (1977). Nutrient cycling in a Carex lacustris wetland. Can. J. Bot. 55: 630-638

Boyd, CE (1970) Production, mineral accumulation and pigment concentrations in Typha latifolia and Scirpus americanus. Ecology 51: 285-290.

Boyd, CE (1971) The dynamics of dry matter and chemical substances in a Juncus effusus population. Am. Midl. Nat. 86: 28-45.

Flint, R. W. & Goldman, C. R. The effects of a benthic grazer on the primary productivity of the littoral zone of Lake Tahoe. Limnol. Oceanogr. 20, 935-945 (1975).

Godshalk GL, Wetzel RG (1978a) Decomposition of aquatic angiosperms. II Particulate components. Aquat. Bot. 5: 301-327.

Graneli, W. (1989). Influence of standing litter on shoot production in reed, Phragmites australis. Aquat. Bot. 35: 99-109.

Hackney, C. T. , de la Cruz, A. A. (1979). Patterns of suspended particle in transport in a Mississippi tidal marsh system. Gulf. Res. Rep. 6: 217-224

Jupp, B. P. & Spence, D. H. N. Limitations of macrophytes in a eutrophic lake, Loch Leven. II Wave action, sediments and waterfwol grazing. J. Ecol. 65, 431-446 (1977).

Klopatek, J. & Stearns, F. Primary productivity of Emergent Macrophytes in a Wisconsin freshwater marsh ecosystem. Am. Mid. Nat. 100, 320-332 (1978).

Mason, C. F. & Bryant, R. J. Periphyton production and grazing by chironomids in Alderfen Broad, Norfolk. Freshwat. Biol. 5, 271-277 (1975).

Neill, C. 1992. Life history and population dynamics of whitetop (Seclochloa festucacea) shoots under different levels of flooding and nutrient supply. Aquat. Bot. 42: 241-252

Odum, H. T. Trophic structure and productivity of Silver Springs, Florida. Ecol. Monogr. 27, 55-112 (1957).

Ratliff, R. D. & Westfall, S. E. Biomass trends in a Nebraska sedge meadow, Sierra National Forest, California. Aquat. Bot. 30, 109-124 (1988).

Schalles, J. F. & Shure, D. J. Hydrology, community structure, and productivity patterns of a dystrophic Carolina bay Wetland. Ecol. Monogr. 59, 365-385 (1989)

Sheldon, S. P. The effects of herbivorous snails on submerged macrophyte communities in Minnesota lakes. Ecology 68, 1920-1931 (1987).

Soszka, G. J. The invertebrates on submerged macrophytes in three masurian lakes. Ekol. pol. 23, 371-391 (1975).

Van Wick, R. J. Ecological studies on Potamogeton pectinatus L. I. General characteristics, biomass production and life cycles under field conditions. Aquat. Bot. 31, 211-258 (1988).

Wallace, J. B. & O´Hop, J. Life on a fast pad: waterlily leaf beetle impact on water lilies. Ecology 66, 1534-1544 (1985).

Woodwell, G. M., R. A. Houghton, C. A. S. Hall, D. E. Whitney, R. A. Moll and D. W. Juers. 1979. The Flax Pond ecosystem study: the annual metabolism and nutrient budgets of a salt marsh. pp: 491-511. In: R. L. Jefferies and A. J. Davy (eds.), Ecological Processes in Coastal Environments. Symposium of the British Ecological Society. Blackwell Scientic, Oxford, England.

[top]seagrasses

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[top]marshes

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